e cleaning the tables , which served as a reminder that it was time to leave.服务员在收拾桌子，提醒顾客该走了。

高考题例:
In our childhood, we were often _______ by Grandma to pay attention to our table manners.（2005全国高考江苏卷）
A. demanded B. reminded C. allowed D. hoped

分析:从4个选项看,均为过去分词形式。那么,只需对句意理解和对4个过去分词的动词原形词义辨析便可选对。从题干所提供的语境看,可以排除C项,再从动词搭配来考虑,A项和D项都只能用不定式来直接作宾语,只有remind可接动词不定式作宾语补足语。
答案: B

4.
add …to …在…中加上
add to… 　增加，加强
add up 加起来
add up to…总共，总共有

eg.
⑴If you add five to five, you get ten.　五加五得十。
⑵Don’t add fuel to the flame.　不要火上加油。
⑶I added sugar to tea.　我往茶里加了糖。
⑷Every time I added up these figures I got a different answer.
每次加起这些数字，我得到的答案都不一样。
⑸Your carelessness added to our difficulty.　你的粗心增加了我们的困难。
⑹His whole schooling added up to no more than one year.他受到的全部学校教育加起来不超过一年。
⑺Travel adds to our understanding of the world.旅游增加了我们对世界的了解。

5.late adj. ＆ adv. 迟的，晚的
later是late的比较级， adv. 后来（常用于词组later on）
latest 　是late的最高级，“最新的，最近的”（可用于词组at the latest“最迟”）
lately最近（=recently）
latter 　后者

eg.
⑴She is always dressed in the latest fashion.　她总是穿最新款的时装。
⑵ We have been doing lots of gardening lately.　近来我们做了很多园艺工作。
⑶ His latest novel is a great success.　他最近出版的小说十分成功。
⑷At first things went well, but later on we ran into trouble.
起初事情进展的很顺利，但后来我们遇到了困难。
⑸One can travel by ship or plane. Most people choose the latter.
乘船或乘飞机去均可，人们多取后者。
⑹Passengers should check in one hour before their flight time at the latest.
乘客至迟应在班机起飞前一小时办理登机手续。
⑺I sat up late last night. 昨夜我一直呆到很晚。

6.under attack 遭受攻击
under　表示“在…（状态）中，在…（情况）下”

eg.
⑴The city was under attack for 100 days. 这座城市被围困了一百天。
⑵The patrol came under attack from all sides.巡逻队遭到来自四面八方的攻击。
⑶The road is under repair and is closed to motor traffic.这条公路正在维修，禁止机动车辆通行。
⑷The problem is under discussion. 这个问题正在讨论中。
⑸The building is under construction.大楼正在建设中。
⑹The subject is under study.这个课题正在研究着。

7.
give in（vi.）　投降，屈服，让步
give in to…　（vt.）　 向…让步，迁就
give up ( sth./ doing sth.) （vt.＆ vi.）　放弃，不再做（某事）
give off： send out or emit sth.　 送出或发出某物
give sth./ sb. away 赠送，有意或无意泄露某事物或出卖某人
give out 用完，消耗尽

eg.
⑴She gave away state secrets to the enemy.她将国家机密泄露给敌人了。
⑵He gave away most of his money to charity.他把大部分钱捐给了慈善事业。
⑶After a month their food supplies gave out.过了一个月，他们的食物已消耗殆尽。
⑷The teacher gave out the examination papers.老师分发了考试卷。
⑸One of the plane’s engines gave out in mid-Atlantic.
飞机在大西洋中部飞行时，其中一个发动机出了故障。

⑹The authorities showed no signs of giving in to the kidnapper’s demands.
当局对绑架者的要求丝毫没有让步的迹象。
⑺The rebels were forced to give in.叛乱者被迫投降。
⑻The cooker is giving off a funny smell.锅里冒出股怪味。
⑼The fire doesn’t seem to be giving off much heat.这炉火好像不太热。
⑽Believe in yourself and never give in.相信你自己，别屈服。
⑾The soldier didn’t give in to the enemy.这个士兵没有向敌人屈服。

高考题例:
①Don’t mention that at the beginning of the story, or it may ______ the shocking ending.（2002北京高考）
A. give away B. give out C. give up D. give off

分析:give away此处为“泄露(秘密等)”,give out/off发出,give up放弃。
答案:A

②What shall we use for power when all the oil in the world had _____?（2005全国高考山东卷）
A. given out B. put out C. held out D. used up

分析:give out指“分发,放出,用光”, put out指“生产,出版,扑灭,提供”, hold out“举起,阻挡,使停顿”, use up“耗尽,耗费”。根据句意这里表示“耗尽,用光”,容易仅根据句意而误选D.但如果用 use up,需要用被动语态; give out表示“耗尽,用光”时是不及物的,不用被动语态.
答案:A

8.include：vt. “包括，列在里面”
including：　“包括”用在名词之前，表主动意义
included：　 “被包括”用在名词或代词之后，表被动意义
比较：contain着重指作为组成部分而被包含在内，可指具体的或抽象的事物。
include 　用法较广，它的宾语是所包含的部分内容，指整体中的一部分，通常用来附加或补充说明

eg.
⑴The tour includes a visit to the Science Museum.　这次参观包括去科学馆。
⑵All of us, including me/ me included, have read this book.所有的人，包括我在内，都看过这本书。
⑶Your duties will include putting the children to bed.哄小孩入睡也将是你工作的一部分。
⑷The band played many songs, including some of my favourites.
（= The band played many songs, some of my favourites included.）
这支乐队演奏了许多歌曲，其中有我最喜欢的。
⑸The box contains only a few warm-weather clothes.　这个箱子里只有几件热天穿的衣服。
⑸We all went , myself included.（=We all went, including me.）　我们都去了，其中包括我。
⑹I think you’ll find the plan includes most of your suggestion.
我想你会发现这个计划包括了你的大部分建议。

9.
in pieces 　成碎片，破碎，落空
in ruins 　 成为废墟，落空

in 表示某人（某事物）的状态或状况，常用于以下词组中：
in order 　整齐
in a mess  凌乱
in good repair 保养良好
in a hurry 匆忙地
in poverty 在贫困中
in poor healthy 　 健康欠佳
in anger（=angrily ）　愤怒地

eg.
⑴I found the glass

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