笔者曾与老师们一起研讨过有关新编教材中语法知识的处理问题，觉得有两种想法与做法应该引起大家的注意：有些老师认为，新教材主要是通过听、说、读、写来培养学生在实践中的运用能力，不需进行语法教学，否则会导致英语教学的低质量，冲淡外语教学气氛。因此，遇到有关语法现象，语言知识，不是灌些概念，就是敷衍了事，一避而过，致使学生们不懂语法知识，在实际运用中，张口便错，动笔便误；而另一些老师则热衷于分析讲解语法条文，不顾某些语法是否与教材有关，也不顾听、说、读、写的需要，只要教材中涉及到某一点语法知识就滔滔不绝，将它从语法专著中全部照搬到课堂上，讲得细致入微，唯恐漏掉一丝一毫。姑且不论以上两种想法与做法的褒贬，笔者前不久听了一位老师的语法课教学，受益匪浅，觉得他在处理语法与听、说、读、写间的关系时恰如其分，且收效颇好，兹介绍于下：

Book 3Unit 6Lesson 21

I．Aims and Requirements

Grammar：The Present Perfect Tense（1）

1）have ＋past participle

2）—Have you found．．．yet？

—Yes，I have．（No，I haven't．）

II．The course of this lesson

Step One Revision

1）The student on duty tells the date，the weather and other things in simple English．

2）The teacher asks the following questions．Using the 5 tenses that the students have learned．The 5students answer them one by one．

a．What are you doing now？

b．What are you going to do this Saturday？

c．Please tell me what you did yesterday afternoon．

d．What do you usually do on Sunday？

e．I want to know what you were doing at 9last night．

Step Two Showing“words in this lesson”by the projection drawing

Step Three Presentation

T：Today we'lllearn a new lesson，a new grammar lesson．First of all，look and listen carefully．／（Acting）I'm walking to the door．I'm opening the door．Now is the door open？Yes，it's open．I opened it just now．The door is open．That is to say，I have opened the door．（Underline“have opened”and write with the colour chalks like this on the blackboard：I opened the door just now．The door is open．→I have opened the door．Then act it again．）

Step Four Practice

The teacher gives a sentence and let a student say and act like this：

T：Clean the blackboard，please，SA．

SA：OK．I'llclean the blackboard．I'm cleaning the blackboard．Icleaned it a few minutes ago．Now the blackboard is clean．

T：Yes，you're right．Now please tell me how to use a new tense．

SA：I．．．I have cleaned the blackboard．

T：Well done．Next，SB，please close the window．

SB：．．．

T：（Explaining“have opened，have cleaned，have closed”）The sentences are called“The Present Perfect Tense”．Now who can tell me its form？Try！

A student says“have ＋past tense”．

T：I'm pleased with what you have said，but“opened，cleaned and closed”here are not past tense，but past participle．Every verb has a past participle．Usually its form is the same as the past tense，but not always．There are some irregular forms like“come—came—come，see— saw—seen”，etc．

（Asking）Who can tellme its meaning？

This tense is used to talk about something that just happened．Another example．（Drop the pen on the floor．） I have dropped my pen．You can see the pen on the floor now．Clear？

Step Five Act with the students（Omitted）

Step Six Ask and answer（Omitted）

Step Seven Presentation of dialogues 1＆2

Read ＆act Parts 1＆2

Step Eight Workbook（Omitted）

At last，the teacher arouses the students to ask the followinig questions with the new tense．

1．Have you closed the window？

2．Have you cleaned the blackboard？

3．Have we finished our class？etc．

通过这节语法课教学，学生不但能较快、较清楚地认识到“现在完成时”的定义、构成及用法（1），而且还能与几个所学时态进行正确的综合运用。因此，讲语法，不能从概念到概念，而要坚持以感性认识到理性认识，寓概念的理解于实践活动中去。本文开头所述两种想法与做法都不免失之偏颇。我们必须以我国中学英语教学的目的和条件为立足点来确定我国中学英语教学中的语法地位、原则和方法。无论是从哪个角度来讲，不学语法知识，排斥语法知识就会使语言学习成为无源之水，无本之木，就是实践也是盲目的。另一方面，中学英语教学的目的是培养学生运用英语的能力，而不是对英语语言知识的理解与掌握，故不能将语法知识当作中学英语教学的主要内容或重要内容，应该通过语法教学，使学生掌握语言教学的规律，并在听、说、读、写中熟练运用。文中所介绍的这位教师正是做到了这一点。

新编教材是“功能＋结构”的教材，是一套把结构与交流揉合到一起的、使“知”与“做”统一的教材，它不再以语法为纲，但它的语法是一条暗线，贯穿始终，既不能细讲，又不能不讲，关键在于教师应该怎样讲，怎样融语法教学与听、说、读、写于一体，怎样使“知”与“做”相辅相成。

河南温县 王玉信 许秀娟