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| 2008中考英语复习指导:走出“主谓一致”的三大误区 | ||
作者:佚名 文章来源:转载 点击数: 更新时间:2008-5-7 ![]() |
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2008中考英语复习指导:走出“主谓一致”的三大误区 句子的核心是谓语动词,谓语动词的确定取决于主语。根据句子含义和结构认准主语是掌握主谓一致的必要条件;弄清主谓一致的语言规则和习惯是掌握主谓一致的充分条件,要正确使用主谓一致,两个条件缺一不可,但同学们往往会走入以下三大误区。 误区一 误认主语 1. 倒装句 ①Between the two buildings are a big tree. (×) ②Between the two buildings is a big tree. (√) [解析] 第①句谓语动词使用are,错误地认为the two buildings是该句的主语,但实际上是介词between的宾语,一起构成介词短语,而介词短语不能充当主语。该句是一个倒装句,真正主语是a big tree.因此第②句正确。 特别提醒 倒装句的常见结构:副词/介词短语+谓语+主语 2. 主语之后带有介词短语 ①The fruit like apples, oranges are good for our health. (×) ②The fruit like apples, oranges is good for our health. (√) [解析] 第①句误认为apples, oranges是主语,因此谓语动词用are,而实际上the fruit才是该句的主语,like apples,oranges是介词短语作后置定语修饰the fruit.该句译为“像苹果、桔子之类的水果对我们的身体是有好处的”。因此第②句是正确的。 特别提醒 类似的结构有:主语+with / like / except / but / together with / as well as . . . ,谓语动词应与主语一致,而与介词短语之后的名词无关。 3. one of . . . + 名词复数或复数代词 ①There are twenty boys in our class. One of the boys are from Canada. (×) ②There are twenty boys in our class. One of the boys is from Canada. (√) [解析] one of the boys的中心词是one,因此谓语动词用单数,造成第①句错误的原因主要是把the boys当成了该句的主语。 4. 定语从句 ①I like the photos which was taken in Beijing. (×) ②I like the photos which were taken in Beijing. (√) [解析] which were taken in Beijing是一个定语从句,用于修饰先行词the photos,而which本身就代替先行词the photos.因此谓语动词要用复数,造成第①句错误的原因是没有弄清楚关系词which的实质,只是从形式上看它是单数。 特别提醒 定语从句中的谓语动词应该与先行词保持一致。 误区二 被主语的表象迷惑 1. 看似复数却表单数概念 ①Maths are my favourite subject. (×) ②Maths is my favourite subject. (√) [解析] maths本身是一个以“s”结尾的单词,而不是一个复数名词,表示单数概念“数学”这一学科,因此第②句正确。 类似的有:physics,news,politics . . . 2. 看似单数却表复数概念 ①The police is searching for the robbers. (×) ②The police are searching for the robbers. (√) [解析] the police译为“警方”,表示复数概念,而不是表示“那个警察”,因此第②句正确,类似的词有:people,the +形容词,the +姓+family等均表复数概念。 3. 名词的单复数同形 ①There are a little sheep eating grass on the hill. Can you see it? (×) ②There is a little sheep eating grass on the hill. Can you see it? (√) [解析] sheep是一个单复数形式相同的名词,由于sheep之前用的a little修饰,加上Can you see it中的it指代单数,因此a little sheep译为“一只小绵羊”,因此第②句正确。如果将原题改为:There ________ (be) a few sheep eating grass on the hill. Can you see them?那又会怎么样呢。 特别提醒 类似的单复数形式相同的词还有fish, Chinese, Japanese等,要根据句子的含义和结构暗示来判断其单复数。 4. 集合名词 ①Their family is very happy. Now their family is watching TV. (×) ②Their family is very happy. Now their family are watching TV. (√) [解析] family是一个集合名词,表示整体概念时谓语用单数,表示个体概念时谓语用复数。该句译为“他们全家很幸福,现在全家人正在看电视”。因此第一个family表示整体概念,译为“家庭”,第二个family表示个体概念,译为“家人”,第②句正确。 特别提醒 类似的还有group,class,team等既可表单数也可表复数。 误区三 误用语言规则 1. 表示时间、距离、金钱、重量、数量等名词作主语 ①Ten years are quite a long time. (×)
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