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| 完形填空(二) | ||
作者：wlsman 文章来源：不详 点击数： 更新时间：2004-8-24  |
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星沙英语网 完形填空(二) 【复习目标】 ▲掌握足够的词汇，有词语活用能力，以及运用句型造句的水平。 ▲有扎实的英语语法基本功，能熟练地运用动词时态、语态等。 ▲有较宽的阅读面及其派生的英语语感。 ▲有依据上下文猜测和推断的能力。 【课前准备】 ●要求学生对第46讲的内容进行复习。 【解题技巧】 这一讲主要复习以下三种解题技法： 1.词语搭配 (1)从语法角度来说，句子不是词的序列，而是词组的序列。 (2)因搭配关系而产生的一般性词汇。如：see a film (3)词序和意义皆以固定的复合词和动词短语。如：push ahead with(奋力前行)。 (4)因词组而构成的常见的句式：It feels+形容词+不定式，在搭配判断时，注意：要区别外形相近而意义不同的搭配。如：look for, look over, look out, look after, look up等。要区别形不相似而意义相近的搭配。如：I paid 12 pounds for the dictionary. The book cost me a lot. It took three men to lift the box.句中都有“付出、花费、需要”的意思。译成汉语时似乎相通。但更要注意它们之间的搭配变化；要注意单个词组的多义性。如：take off有“脱下(衣服)，(飞机)起飞，匆匆离开，取下，休假等多种含意。 2.语法判定 (1)要注意出现频率较高的词类题，依次为动词、介词、代词、连词、形容词、副词。选择各类词时，要注意以下几个方面： a.名词的选择，应联系文章主题及空格前后出现的有关词，注意其性和数的一致。 b.动词的选用，要注意词义和惯用搭配，还要区分近义词之间的用法差异及所给词的形式。 c.选择介词，应注意其惯用法，特别是与动词或其他词组成的固定搭配。 d.选择代词，要注意性、数、格是否准确。 e.选择连词，要注意分析前后句或上下文的逻辑关系。 f.选择形容词和副词，要注意词义的区别，用于比较时，还要注意词形变化。 (2)要注意句法题，搞清句子的种类、类型、省略和倒装 a.句子的种类包括陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。一般以考查疑问句、感叹句的词序为多见，其次是祈使句的零时态等。 b.句子的类型有简单句、并列句、复合句和并列复合句。中考考查要点是在复合句里的状语从句、宾语从句和直接/间接引语，也考查简单的定语从句。 c.句子的省略与倒装很少考查，却要看懂，不能引起对文章的曲解。 (3)在语法适用方面，可以用择优法和排除法 a.择优法是把各选项代入短文中，选出在词义上符合要求，且在语法上又没有语病的答案。 b.排除法是在代入选项时如发现选项单词意义不对，或词与词搭配不妥，或存在语法错误，或与上下文有矛盾，则迅速排除不合适的选项，剩下的就是正确答案。 3. 例举对比。 在完形填空的多项选择中，常常会遇到难以选择的题目。需要调动头脑里的知识“储备”，例举熟知的语言现象与之相比较，再做出明智的选择。 一般的解题过程是： 1.通读全文，掌握大意。结合选项初步弄清短文写了些什么内容。 2.瞻前顾后，分析先行。在理解全文意思的基础上，结合文章内容对空缺句子作合乎逻辑的推理。必须弄清空缺词句的确切含义，空缺词句与其前后句的意义衔接必须自然、合理，不可出现意义断层或说东道西的情况，必须从空缺句的内部结构入手，从语法、词语固定搭配、词形变化等角度考虑，务必使所填的单词准确无误。 3.反复推敲，攻克难关。如果做不出来的话，可能要改变一下思路。如实词多与文章的内容直接相关，虚词多与文章的连贯性或句子结构直接相关，如果从内容上实在看不出要填哪个单词的话，应考虑是否需要填介词、连词等。 4.验证答案，修正错误，着重注意这几点： (1)文章是否顺畅； (2)所填单词是否是最佳单词； (3)所填单词是否有拼写错误。 【典型例题解析】 例1 People worry about that they often lose their keys. Now if you forget 1 your key is, you can find it quickly. Let's read the following. Yesterday Mr Smith 2 his key in the room.“Where is my key?”he said to himself .He didn't know 3.He thought hard and 4 had an idea.“Hello!”he said in a loud voice.“Hello!”a voice came from inside the drawer of the desk. He was 5 to hear that. He hurried to the desk and pulled the drawer 6.To his pleasure, he 7 out the key from the drawer. What is all 8? So, that is a new 9 invented in America. There is an integrated circuit(集成电路) and a very small speaker built in it. It can tell its 10 voice in no more than nine metres. 1. A. what B. where C. how D. which 2. A. took B. got C. brought D. lost 3. A. what to do B. how to do C. when to find D. where to go 4. A. when B. while C. then D. than 5. A. surprised B. interesting C. angry D. sorry 6. A. closed B. up C. down D. open 7. A. put B. took C. looked D. tried 8. A. in B. at C. about D. off 9. A. key B. drawer C. desk D. house 10.A. desk's B. owner's C. man's D. woman's (2001大连) 解析 1.选连接词where。 2.注意四个动词的语意，选lost,“丢失”之意。 3.从语意角度选what to do。 4.选then,表示“接着、下面就会”的意思。 5.选be surprised to do sth的结构。 6.要理解pull sth open(拉开)，push sth closed(推上)，lift sth up(举高)，take sth down(取下)。 7.选take out(拿出)，排除put out(扑灭、熄灭)，look out(向外看，当心)，try out(试验看看) 8.选about,如：What is all about? 这一切是怎么回事呢? 9.只要看懂短文就会选key。 10.注意tell这里是“区别、辨别”之意，答案应选B。 例2 In China, most people's names have 1 parts, the 2 names and the family names. One person may have 3 names. For example, when they are very 4 at home, they usually have 5 names. In school and society(社会) they use their parents 6 names. If someone is a writer, he or she has a pen name. Now young couple(夫妇) become very 7 when they name their child.8 the names have special meanings. Some show their parents' 9.Girl's names show that their parents want them to be nice. Boy's names are often 10 to the country. 1. A. one B. too C. three D. four 2. A. first B. middle C. family D. given 3. A. many B. one C. different D. same 4. A. young B. old C. at work D. at school 5. A. formal(正式的) B. pet(宠爱的) C. pen D. informal(非正式的) 6. A. formal B. pet C. pen D. informal 7. A. careful B. carefully C. angry D. happy 8. A. both B. both of C. only D. most of 9. A. idea B. wishes C. hope D. thought 10.A. bad B. hard C. useful D. beautiful 解析 1.中国人的姓名分为姓和名两部分，故选B。 2.根据此句的语义显然答案不是C。英美人姓名一般由三部分组成，即first name, middle name和family name,中国人的姓名由姓和名两部分组成，即family name和given name,故选D。 3.下文举例一个人有小名、大名，也许有笔名，重点说明一个人也许有好几个名字，故选A。 4.根据此句的语义和下文In school and society的提示，可知此处意为“上学前”、“小时候”，故选A。 5.根据中国人的习惯，孩子上学前一般都有小名，即pet names，故选B。 6.上学时和走上社会后使用正式的名字，故选A。 7.此句意为：现在年轻的夫妇给孩子取名很认真，此句中become是连系动词，需要形容词作表语，故选A。 8.根据语境显然选D，意为大部分的名字都有特殊的意义，故选D。 9.名字表达了父母亲的希望，故选C。 10.根据语境显然选C，如取名为“建国”、“卫国”等。 【课内追踪练习】 Of all the things we eat and 1,water is the 2 important. Not 3 people understand this, but it's quite true. The human body can go without food for a long time, but two 4 three days without water we will 5. Many people do not understand how 6 water the human body needs to work properly(适当地) and many people drink 7,especiallyin hot weather. Most people drink 8 they are thirsty, but in fact we often need more water, especially if we have been taking exercise. A man's body is about 70% water, if we do not have 9 water, we feel 10 and may become ill. (D) 1. A. have B. want C. need D. drink (C) 2. A. least B. more C. most D. much (B) 3. A. few B. many C. much D. some (D) 4. A. and B. but C. for D. or (B) 5. A. dead B. die C. live D. hungry (C) 6. A. lot B. little C. much D. many (A) 7. A. enough B. few C. many D. some (A) 8. A. when B. so C. what D. before (B) 9. A. all B. enough C. every D. some (D) 10.A. angry B. fine C. hard D. tired 【复习小结】 完形填空题是测试综合应用语言能力的题型，要求学生有较高的阅读理解能力、综合应用基础知识的能力、分析和判断能力。要做好完形填空，首先要综观全文，理解大意，再从语法、惯用法、用词和常识等方面考虑，找出答案。 【课外巩固练习】 一、完形填空 (一) *11 way of learning English is by 12 it, talking as much as one 13.Sometimes you will get your words mixed up(混淆) and peope will not understand you. But if you 14 your sense of humour(幽默感),you can always have a good laugh at the mistakes you made. Don't be unhappy if people 15 to be laughing at your 16.It is 17 for people to be laughing at your mistakes than to be angry because they don't understand what you are saying.18 rule for learning English is：“Don't be 19 of making mistakes.20 makes mistakes.” (D) 11. A. Good B. Better C. Best D. The best (C) 12. A. saying B. thinking C. using D. listening (A) 13. A. can B. could C. possible D. able (A) 14. A. keep B. kept C. keeping D. to keep (D) 15. A. say B. look C. think D. seem (B) 16. A. words B. mistakes C. sentence D. speaking (C) 17. A. good B. more better C. much better D. the best (B) 18. A. The useful B. The most important C. The most interesting D. The most popular (D) 19. A. think B. say C. see D. afraid (D) 20. A. All children B. Students C. Foreigners D. Everyone (二) Vitamins(维生素) are a discovery of this century. A hundred years 21,no one knew anything 22 them. The vitamins are 23 by letters of alphabet. Vitamin A 24 by the eyes. There is Vitamin A in milk, butter and green vegetables. It 25 by the body. Vitamin B must be supplied(提供) 26 by some of our food. The skins 27 grains of all sorts have Vitamin B in them. Vitamin C is very important 28 the body. Without it 29 teeth will become loose(失去) and their arms and legs become weak. Oranges and tomatoes 30 Vitamin C in them. There are other vitamins. But these A,B,C are the most important. (C) 21. A. before B. front C. ago D. ahead (A) 22. A. about B. of C. in D. for (B) 23. A. naming B. named C. is named D. names (C) 24. A. needs B. need C. is needed D. was needed (D) 25. A. stores B. be stored C. can store D. can be stored (C) 26. A. times B. in not time C. all the time D. any times (A) 27. A. of B. to C. on D. in (D) 28. A. for B. at C. with D. to (C) 29. A. people B. peoples' C. people's D. peoples (B) 30. A. has B. have C. there is D. there are 二、书面表达 根据下面提示写一篇80个词左右的日记。 时间：今年四月二十日，星期五，天气晴。 内容：全班同学在离校不远的岛上野餐，上午八点钟，在校门口集合，然后就乘船 到岛上，在岛上玩两个半小时，然后，有的同学捡柴(gather fire wood)，有的同学做饭，在岛上吃了一顿美餐。下午我们分组活动，有的唱歌，有的跳舞，有的讲故事，有的做游戏，过得十分愉快，一直玩到下午四点半钟才离开小岛返校。
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