英语高考介词或副词汇总(上)

1. at
prep.
1) 位置、场所、地点]在、于、到、经由
arrive at one's destination
到达目的地
at the seaside; 在海滨at my uncle's; 在我叔父家
at the foot [top] of the mountain;在山脚下[顶上]
at sb.'s heels跟在某人的后面; at the end of the street在街头
at the meeting; 在会议上at the wedding 在婚礼上
I landed at Wuhan. 我在武汉下飞机。He lives at Oxford.
他住在牛津。
Keep such men at a distance.
不要与这种人接近。
2) [表示时间:时刻、年节、年龄]
at ten o'clock在十点钟at (the age of) forty在 40 岁的时候
at the beginning of the month在月初at Christmas在圣诞节
at all hours随时
3)从事, 做, 正在, 在
He died at his post.他殉于职守。
What are you at ?你正在干什么?
I will go now at my lesson. 我要着手做功课。
4) [条件、情况、 状态]在...中, 在...下, 以...方式
at war交战状态
at its height 在最高点; 处于最盛时期; 处于高潮状态
at your convenience在你方便时
at attention 立正 at ease 稍息
at your pleasure随你方便, 由你决定
at high pressure在高压下
5) [动作的姿态, 常不译出]以, 用
at a bound一跳, 一举at a gallop飞奔, 奔驰at a mouthful一口(就吞下)
at every step每走一步
6)[动作的目标、方向]向、对
Aim straight at the mark.对准目标。
The boy threw a stone at the bird.小孩掷石头打鸟。
The soldiers rushed at the enemy.战士们向敌人冲去。
The dog ran at a cat.狗向猫扑去。
7) [原因、根源]照, 依照, 由, 从
be pleased at the result
对结果感到高兴
melt at a great heat因高热而熔化
be surprised [frightened] at sb.'s words [the news, the noise]
听到某人的话[新闻、声音]而吃惊
The baby stopped crying at the sight of its mother.婴儿看到母亲就不哭了。
I did it at his request.我是应他的请求而做的。
8) [程度、比例、价格]以, 用, 有
sell at five dollars以五元(价格)出售
walk at the rate of four miles an hour每小时四英里的速度行走
estimate a crowd at ten thousand这一群人估计有一万人
2. about
prep
1)在…附近；在…周围
He lives somewhere about here. 他住在附近。
Tell me what has happened as it is; don't beat about the bush.
如实告诉我究竟怎么了,不要兜圈子。
(= around) 四周围绕着
to plant trees about the house 在房子四周植树 (= around)
2)关于；对于
Tell me something about your trip. 请告诉我一些关于你旅行的情况。
Later a neighbour told me about him.后来的一位邻居跟我谈起了他。
3)忙于
What are you about? 你在忙什么呢？
about
adv
1)附近；在周围
He must be somewhere about. 他一定就在附近。(= around)
2)大约；差不多
We need about 200 metric tons. 我们需要大约200吨。
The manager was about to leave when his secretary called him back.
经理快要离开时,他的秘书叫住了他。
Today there are about 900,000 American Indians.
美国现在有大约九十万印第安人。
About adj
1)在活动着的
She was up and about very early. 她很早就起来活动了。
3. after
prep
1)在…后
after dinner 饭后one after another 一个接一个
Please line up one after another. 请按顺序排队。
She did experiment after experiment. 她做了一次又一次的试验。
2)模仿；依照
Please read after me. 请跟我读。
3)与…一致
a man after my own heart 与我心思一致的人
He's a man after my own heart.他是符合我心意的人。
4)寻找；跟踪；追捕
The policeman ran after the thief. 警察追捕窃贼。
5)以…命名
The boy was named after his uncle. 那孩子以他叔叔的名字取名。
after all
终究； 毕竟
It has turned out to be a nice day after all.
天气终于转晴了。
So you see I was right after all!
你看,毕竟还是我对吧!
记着；记住
I know he hasn't finished, but, after all, he is very busy.
我知道他没有做完，不过要知道，他太忙了。
I know he hasn't finished the work, but after all, he's done his best.
4. away
adv
1)离开
Go away!
走开!
Several children are away from school because of illness.
几个学生因患病而没有来校上课。
As she walked away, I followed her out of the fair.
我跟着她走出了集市。
He will be away for two months.他将外出两个月。
2) 结束；完
The water boiled away. 水烧干了。She passed away this morning.
3) 一直；继续
to work away 一直在工作
It is not advisable just to work away without making a timely summing-up of experience.
一味埋头干下去不做及时的经验总结是不可取的。
keep away from 保持距离

5. above
prep
1) 在…之上；超过
He is above reproach. 他是无可责难的。
Tom is above average in his lessons. 汤姆的成绩高于平均水平。
2) 胜于
A miser loves gold above his life.
一个守财奴爱财胜过生命。
3) 不屑
He is above taking profits for himself. 他不屑为自己谋利。
above all
首先；尤其；最重要的是
Above all, I love Tchaikovsky. 首先，我喜欢柴可夫斯。
adv
1) 在上面；向上
the clouds above 天上的云
在上文；在前文
the facts mentioned above 上文提到的事
更多；更高
40 and above 40和40以上
adj
上面的；上述的
The above (articles) are of no interest to us at present.
我们对以上各项（商品）目前均无兴趣。
6. against prep
2) 相反；逆着
against the law 违法
We sailed against the wind. 我们逆风行船。
Drug taking is against the law. 吸毒是违法的。
2) 反对
We won our match against that team. 我们在比赛中赢了那个队。
No one is against this proposal. 没有人反对这个提议。
3) 靠着，依着
to lean against the wall 靠着墙
4) 与…成对照
against a dark background 与黑色背景成对照
The picture looks better against the light wall. 这幅画挂在浅色的墙上显得更美。
5) 防备；防御
against the cold 防冷
against a rainy day 防备雨天
We are all taking medicine against the flu.我们都在服药预防流感。
6) 以…相抵
income against expenditure 以收抵支
7. around
adv
1) 环绕
His car circled around. 他的车在兜圈子。
2) 在周围；四周
They look around but Mary is already gone. 他们往四周看看，但玛丽已经不在了。
The yard is fenced around. 院子四周都围有篱笆。
A dense fog lay around. 周围浓雾密布。
3) 在附近
good to have you around … 对你很有好处（帮助）
have been around
见过世面；经验丰富
prep
1) 在…的周围
There was a fence around the yard. 在院子的四周围有一圈篱笆。
2) 环绕
They walked around the town. 他们在城里四处走动。
3) 大约，左右
around 20 people 大约20人
come around four 大约在4点钟来
There are around 80 pyramids in Egypt. 在埃及大约有80座金字塔。
8. back
adv
1)向后；在后面
The house is set back from the road. 那所房屋远离公路。
Move back! 往后退！
We have to go back to camp now.我们现在该回营去了。
回到原来状况，回原处
She put it back on the shelf. 她把它放回书架。
Things will soon get back to normal. 这种情况会马上恢复正常的。
She came back for her umbrella. 她回来拿雨伞。
（回溯）以前
far back in the Middle Ages
远在中古时期
Look back to your childhood.
回想一下你的童年时代。
往回拨（钟表），开倒车
9. by
prep
1) 在近处；在旁边
standing by the window 站在窗户旁边
a table by the bed 床边的桌子
2) 经；由；从
to enter by the door 由门进去
3) 经过…旁
He walked by me. 他从我旁边走过。
4) 不迟于
By tomorrow he'll be here.
他明天就到这儿。
5) 被；由
written by Shakespeare 莎士比亚写的
6) 根据；按照
to play by the rules 按规则比赛
7) 相差
His horse won by a nose. 他的马以一鼻之差取胜。
8) 以…方式
She earned money by writing. 她靠写作挣钱。
9) 用交通工具
We went by air. 我们乘飞机走。
10）表示相（乘）除（以计算面积）
a room 15 feet by 20 feet 一间长20英尺宽15英尺的房间
to divide X by Y 用Y除X
11） 逐一；连续
The animals went in 2 by 2. 动物两个两个地走进去。
by
adv
1） 通过
Please let me by.
请让我过去。
2） 附近
Do it when nobody is by.
等附近没人时再做。
by and by
不久以后；不一会儿
by and large
全盘；总的来说
down
adv
1） 向下； 由上向下
The sun went down 太阳落了。
The men are down by the river. 人们从河边下来。
2） 倒下；坐下
Sit down, please. 请坐。
3） 向南；在南边
down in London 南下去伦敦
4）去
Will you walk down to the lake with her?
你跟她走到湖那头去好吗？
5）（与表示固定的动词连用）…紧；…牢
Stick down the envelope 把信封贴牢。
6）在纸上写下；记下
to have sth. down 写下某事
7）抑制；压制；减少；减缓
The wind died down 风势渐渐弱了。

11. for
prep
1）给；为
a present for Mary 给玛丽的礼物
I've got a little present for your birthday. 我有一件小礼物送给你过生日。
I can do it for myself. 我自己能做这件事。
These investigations are not done for nothing.
这些调查工作自然不是白做的。
2）以…为目的地；开往；前往
We set off for London. 我们动身去伦敦。
3）代；替；代表
Red stands for danger. 红色代表危险。
What do you want for a present? 你要什么样的东西作礼物?
4）为了
for existence 为了生存
"Did you come to Paris for the purpose of simple leisure, or for business purposes?"
"你到巴黎来的目的纯粹是为了休闲,还是为了做生意?"
5）对于；关于
For him to forfeit his favourite hobby would be impossible.
要他放弃他所喜爱的业余爱好是不可能的。
I have no ear for music. 我对音乐外行。
For many of these families a college education was something new."对其中的许多家庭来说,大学教育是件新事物。"
6）因为
He's learning English for the fun of it.
他为了好玩才学习英语的。
for several reasons 因为种种原因
We bought this house with a much higher price than others just for its convenience.
"我们买下这幢房子花的钱比其它房屋要贵得多,就是图的方便。"
7）仅管
For all his efforts, he didn't succeed. 他虽然竭尽全力还是没有成功。
"For all your explanations, I understand no better than before."
"尽管你作了解释,我还是不懂。"
8）以…为价钱；付出
a pen for 50 pence 50 便士一枝笔
9）以…的价格，值
He paid 50 pence for the book. 他付了50便士买这本书。
10）经过（时间、距离）
We ran for two miles. 我们跑了两英里。
He stayed for a week. 他待了一周。
We haven't seen each other for ages. 我们好久没见面了。
11）用于for + 名词或代词 + to + 不定式动词的名词短语中
The bell rang for the lesson to begin.
开始上课的铃响了。
12）用来表示双宾语
boil build buy call choose cook do fetch get leave make order paint play prepare reach sing save spare eg Buy me a bike, mummy. Will you sing us a song?
for example
例如
You can buy fruit here — oranges and bananas, for example.
你可以在这里买水果，例如买柑橘和香蕉。
12. from
prep
1) 从，自
from the beginning to the end 从头至尾
a letter from Mary 玛丽来的信
The train goes from Paris to Rome. 火车从巴黎开往罗马。
"From his appearance, you wouldn't think he was an old man of seventy years."
"从外貌上看,你不会认为他是一个七十岁的老人。"
2) 用…做成
Bread is made from flour. 面包用面粉做成。
3) 由于
She was nearly crying from the pain of her cut leg.
割破的腿疼痛得使她几乎要哭了。
13. In
prep
1) 在…内；在…中；在…里面
There is a pencil in the box. 匣子里有一枝铅笔。
He was standing in the room. 他站在房间里。
2) 在（某区域）…内；在…里
in school 在学校
He lives in London. 他住在伦敦。
3) 在…之中
The volcano is in eruption. 火山正在喷发。
The roses are in flower now. 现在玫瑰正盛开。
4) 从事（工作）；在…方面
to engage in trade 从事贸易
to be weak in English 在英语方面不佳
5) 穿着；戴着
dressed in rags 衣衫褴褛
the man in the top hat 戴着大礼帽的那人
in uniform 穿着制服
a prisoner in irons 戴着镣铐的囚犯
6) 往；向（某方向）
in this direction 朝此方向
in all directions 四面八方
7) 用 (语言或材料)
to write in ink 用墨水写
to speak in English 用英语讲话
8) 在…期间
in the 20th century 在20世纪 in summer 在夏天
in my absence 在我不在的时间
in his youth 在他年轻时 in the morning 早晨
9) 在…时间内；不到…的时间；在…之后
It's two o'clock. I'll come in an hour. "现在是两点钟,我一小时后来。"
I'll come and see you again in five days.过五天我再来看你。
10)（表示事情进行或发生的方式） in fun 玩笑地
11)（表示关系或比率）每
Not one in ten of the boys could spell well. 这些男孩中拼写正确的不到十分之一。
（表示数或量） in great numbers 许多
12) 在…方面；关于 weak in judgment 判断力差
13) 处于…状态
in a rage 在愤怒中
in a hurry 匆忙地
in love 恋爱中
in all
总计；一共
in
adv
1) 在内 在家
Is there anyone in? 有人在家吗？
My husband won't be in until six o'clock. 我丈夫要到六点钟才在家。
in
the ins and outs (of sth.)
详情；细节
14. Of
prep
1)…的；属于…的
the wall of the garden 花园的围墙
He is of a clinging sort.他是那种老要依靠人家的人。
2) 由…制成的；由…组成 的
a dress of cotton 棉布衣服
3) 包含的；容纳的
a bag of potatoes 一袋土豆
a kilo of butter 一公斤黄油
4) 在其中；…之中的一部分
several of my friends 我的几个朋友
one of them 他们中间的一个
5) …所着的；…所做的(主谓关系）
the shooting of the hunters 猎人的狩猎
the plays of Shakespeare 莎士比亚的戏剧
6)（表示动宾关系）做…
the shooting of animals 对动物的射击
7) 与…有关联的 （所有关系）
the results of the experiment 实验的结果
8) 就是这个 (同位关系)
the city of New York 纽约市
9）以…为题的；有关…的
stories of adventure
冒险故事
10）具有…性质的
a woman of great charm 妩媚的女人
与…的关系
east of Suez
苏伊士以东
（和某些短语搭配）由于，因为
a lover of good music
爱好音乐的人
11）原因
He died of fever.
他死于高烧。