Chapter 6

Quotation, Instruction and Conclusion

Quotation
It is not good to use so many direct quotations in your writing. And we mainly have two ways to quote something to help us to support our statement.
Direct Quotation:
Sayings
Proverbs
Anecdotes
Illustrations
Indirect quotation   Use what others say in your own words to support your statement.
Introduction
Where should we place the thesis statement in the instruction?
At the beginning
At the end
Functions of Introduction
An introduction has two functions:
Contain the thesis statement, which should be placed at the beginning or at the end of the instruction so that the readers can be able to spot the statement easily.
Interest the reader enough so that he or she will want to continue reading the paper.

Notice
there is no best way to introduce a thesis, but you should certainly avoid beginning your work with “I’m going to discuss…” or “This theme is about…” You needn’t tell the reader you are about to begin; just begin!
Seven Basic Methods for Beginning    
Begin with a single-sentence thesis statement. 
       E.g. Final examination should be abolished.
Begin with an illustration. 
Begin with a rhetorical question. 
       E.g. Just what skills should an effective reader have?
Begin with a surprising fact or idea. 
Begin with a contradiction. 
Begin with a general idea and then pass on a specific thesis statement.
Begin with a direct quotation. 
Other Ways to Introduce
Definitions, comparisons, or any other kinds of devices you have already studied can make good instructions.
Just make sure the reader knows which sentence is your
   thesis statement.
Conclusion
A conclusion also has two functions. What are they?
A conclusion signals the end of the essay and leaves the reader with a final thought.
Notice
Like introductions, conclusions can take many forms, and the right one for your essay depends on how you wish to complete your paper, with what thought you wish to leave the reader. However, never conclude your paper with “as I said in the beginning,” and try to avoid the overused “in conclusion” or “in summary”. Don’t end by saying you are going to end; just end!
Three Ways to Conclude:
End with a call to action. the call to action says that, in views of the facts and ideas in the essay, the reader should do something. For example:
         Unite, all the workers in the world!
End with a final point. the final point can tie together with all the other ideas in the essay; it provides the reader with the sense that the entire essay has been leading up to this final point.
End with a question. By ending with a question, you leave the reader with a final problem that you wish him or her to think about.
Other Ways to Conclude:
And to conclude in the ways of  the subject’s significance, the
solution to the problem, quotation, or recommendation can be also effective.
Homework
Read the course book.
Write an instruction, using one of the seven methods.

Chapter 7 Narrowing the Topic

Writing the Thesis Statement
the thesis statement further focuses the subject because it must clearly state in sentence form, the writer’s central point: the main idea or opinion that the rest of the essay will support and discuss.
the thesis statement should be as specific as possible. By writing a specific thesis statement, you focus on your subject and give yourself and your reader a clearer idea of what will follow in the body of the essay.

Writing the Thesis Statement
there are many ways to make vague thesis statement more specific. As a general rule, replace vague words with more exact words and replace vague ideas with more complete information. E.g.:
Vague:
My recent trip to Beijing was really bad. 
Revised:
My recent trip to Beijing was disappointing because the whether upset my sightseeing plans.
Planning and Ordering the Body
the thesis statement sets forth the main idea of the entire essay, but it is the body of the essay that must fully support and discuss that thesis
   statement.
Planning the Body
In composing the thesis statement, the writer has already give

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