考研英语写作三大高分句式
  张一楠

  
    考研作文在考研英语考试中占了30分，是不容忽视的部分。《考研英语大纲》把对作文 “语言”的要求放在了第一位，即：语言第一，内容第二，思想第三。各位考生要想在这一部分胜出，就必须在语言的“精美度”上下功夫。笔者建议大家时刻培养“亮点”意识，在考研作文中设置“语言亮点”，从而为获得高分打下坚实的基础。本文将为大家介绍考研写作的三大高分句式——短句拉长、插入语和并列结构。

 
 
高分句式一——短句拉长 

    在考研英语作文中，一般短句都可以拉为长句，而且，从理论上讲，一个句子的长度可以是无限的，但是出于实际情况，大家要学会写有限度的长句。

虽然《考研英语大纲》没有明确规定作文中长句的长度和数量，但是基于考研作文实战的需要，考生需要有一种“长句设置”意识，即通过在文中设置若干个长句，向阅卷老师展示考生对于复杂语言结构的掌握能力，从而征服老师的心，获得满意的分数。

写作要领
1．名词+形容词，+同位语，+定语从句；

2．动词+状语(时间、地点、目的、方式)。

实战举例
例1：Officials have built highways.

In recent years, responsible, hard-working and warm-hearted officials have built a great number of highways which have brought much convenience to the local citizens.

例1中短句拉长的步骤：

1．在句首，加上时间状语in recent years；

2．在名词officials前面加上responsible, hard-working, warm-hearted 三个形容词修饰它；
3．在名词highways后面加上定语从句which have brought much convenience to the local citizens。

例2：Factories have discharged gas and liquid.

The newly-built chemical factories have discharged harmful and even poisonous gases and liquids which have had a seriously negative impact on the surrounding environment.

例2中短句拉长的步骤：

1．在名词factories前面加上两个修饰形容词newly- built和chemical；

2．在名词gases and liquids 后面上加上一个定语从句which have had a seriously negative impact on the surrounding environment。
 
 

 高分句式二——插入语

    增加句式复杂性的另外一种方法就是使用插入语。中国学生写的英语句子喜欢一通到底，没有任何语气的间歇，像一根笔直的竹竿，因此笔者称之为 “竹竿句”。而英美人士写的句子则不同，他们偏爱插入语，通过插入语表现出作者语气的间歇和停顿。有了插入语，读者眼中的句子有一种跌宕起伏的感觉，这种句子像海浪一起忽起忽落，笔者称这种句子为“海浪句”。试比较：

Ancient men made tools out of stone. For instance, they always used flint because it is easier to shape than other kinds of stone. (不使用插入语)

    Fortunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone, especially flint, because it is easier to shape than other kinds of stone. (使用插入语)

    由此我们看出：英语句子要写得跌宕起伏才地道。考研的同学要在语言上下功夫，就必须学会写作“海浪句”，从而使自己的作文“波涛汹涌，错落有致”。

写作要领

1. 插入语可以是一个词、一个短语，或者一个句子；
2. 插入语多半用逗号跟其他成分隔开；
3. 插入语最好放在主语之后，便于掌握。

实战举例
例1：副词插入语——frankly, especially, fortunately, indeed, however

坦率地说，旅游可以促进国家之间的相互了解。

Tourism, frankly, may promote mutual understanding among nations.

例2：短语插入语——generally speaking (总的来说), to tell the truth (老实说), in a sense (从某种意义上说)，in a word (总而言之), strange to say (说来奇怪)

总而言之，家长不该无视电脑游戏对小孩的副作用。

In a word, parents should never lose sight of the side-effects of computer games on their children.

例3：短句插入语——I suppose, as I see it, I believe, what is important (重要的是)

在我看来，环境对人的性格有深远影响。

Environment, as I see it, has a far-reaching influence on one誷 personality.
 

高分句式三——并列结构 
 

使用并列结构写出精彩句式，请大家欣赏以下两个精彩的例句：

Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. (Francis Bacon)

学习可以怡情，可以博采，可以长才。(培根)

...government of the people, by the people and for the people... (Abraham Lincoln)

……民有、民治、民享的政府…… (林肯)

写作要领
用and或者or 连接两个词性相同、意思相近的单词，就构成了并列结构。

比如：give support and assistance to...

...benefit from education and instruction.

...develop and promote economic growth.

实战举例
1．The American girl，dressed in a traditional Chinese costume and ornaments，indicates and symbolizes the multinational communication of cultures and customs. (选自2002年考研作文真题，一句话包含三处并列结构)

2．It goes without saying that the drawings aim at revealing a common and serious problem in China: how to educate and cultivate the young. Let誷 take a closer look at the drawings. In an ideal condition, the flower blooms. But when moved out of the greenhouse, it perishes under the rain and wind. It is obvious that flower grown in greenhouse can誸 withstand wind and rain. (选自2003年考研作文真题，一个段落包含四处并列结构)

   “亮点句式”是考研阅卷老师定档次、给分数的主要凭据，所以希望同学们平时有意识地多训练自己“亮点句式”的写作，那么在考试中，获得高分就会水到渠成了。